Justice in Socrates’ City Essay -- Socrates Book IV Justice

Justice in Socrates’ City While Adeimantus and Glaucon appear to enthusiastically accept Socrates’ conclusions about the nature and benefits of justice at the end of Book IV, even going so far as to complete his argument about the profit of justice themselves, they only do so because they have followed Socrates’ argument linearly without going back to test new claims against established premises. Had they done so, they would have been to discover the gaps in Socrates’ logic and the full implications of his constructed city—a city that not only failed to illustrate how justice was profitable in itself and correlated with happiness, but actually proved the precise view of justice as a sacrificial act that it was constructed to disprove. Glaucon and Adeimantus’ uncritical willingness to agree with Socrates’ claims throughout the argument is especially dangerous when it leads them to ignore cues that something in his argument is misleading. They assent to the censorship rules he puts forth even as he admits himself that they are somewhat questionable. When Socrates suggests banning all poetry that paints a bleak picture of Hades, he admits that they would, in effect, be banning the best poetry when he says, â€Å"the more poetic [the verses] are, the less they should be heard† (III, 387) . Later, when he suggests banning sensuous Marsyan instruments, he admits that the move constitutes â€Å"purging the city that a while ago we said was luxurious† (III, 399). In both cases, Glaucon and Adeimantus are quick to justify the suppression of things even Socrates ascribes virtue to in the name of the greater good of the city, but in so doing, they are themselves subverting one of their own purpose s in the argument—to show that the common good co... ...le to be both happy and just for the city’s citizens, but it is the existence of men like Glaucon and Adeimantus—those whose knowledge extends beyond the city and from whom the â€Å"noble lie† emanates—that in effect proves Thrasymachus’ point that justice is unprofitable drudgery on someone else’s behalf. The rulers, Socrates explains earlier, are the only citizens permitted to lie (III, 389). Since it is agreed that â€Å"to possess the truth [is] a good,†(III, 413) when the citizens are necessarily deprived of the good, it is in their best interest to grasp for power, as Thrasymachus suggests, because power confers knowledge in the city. Thus, we are returned to Thrasymachus’ introduction to the dialogue, which begins when he demands a fine if Socrates is found to err. His conflation of knowledge and power at the expense of justice is precisely the method of Socrates’ city. Justice in Socrates’ City Essay -- Socrates Book IV Justice Justice in Socrates’ City While Adeimantus and Glaucon appear to enthusiastically accept Socrates’ conclusions about the nature and benefits of justice at the end of Book IV, even going so far as to complete his argument about the profit of justice themselves, they only do so because they have followed Socrates’ argument linearly without going back to test new claims against established premises. Had they done so, they would have been to discover the gaps in Socrates’ logic and the full implications of his constructed city—a city that not only failed to illustrate how justice was profitable in itself and correlated with happiness, but actually proved the precise view of justice as a sacrificial act that it was constructed to disprove. Glaucon and Adeimantus’ uncritical willingness to agree with Socrates’ claims throughout the argument is especially dangerous when it leads them to ignore cues that something in his argument is misleading. They assent to the censorship rules he puts forth even as he admits himself that they are somewhat questionable. When Socrates suggests banning all poetry that paints a bleak picture of Hades, he admits that they would, in effect, be banning the best poetry when he says, â€Å"the more poetic [the verses] are, the less they should be heard† (III, 387) . Later, when he suggests banning sensuous Marsyan instruments, he admits that the move constitutes â€Å"purging the city that a while ago we said was luxurious† (III, 399). In both cases, Glaucon and Adeimantus are quick to justify the suppression of things even Socrates ascribes virtue to in the name of the greater good of the city, but in so doing, they are themselves subverting one of their own purpose s in the argument—to show that the common good co... ...le to be both happy and just for the city’s citizens, but it is the existence of men like Glaucon and Adeimantus—those whose knowledge extends beyond the city and from whom the â€Å"noble lie† emanates—that in effect proves Thrasymachus’ point that justice is unprofitable drudgery on someone else’s behalf. The rulers, Socrates explains earlier, are the only citizens permitted to lie (III, 389). Since it is agreed that â€Å"to possess the truth [is] a good,†(III, 413) when the citizens are necessarily deprived of the good, it is in their best interest to grasp for power, as Thrasymachus suggests, because power confers knowledge in the city. Thus, we are returned to Thrasymachus’ introduction to the dialogue, which begins when he demands a fine if Socrates is found to err. His conflation of knowledge and power at the expense of justice is precisely the method of Socrates’ city.

Cramming Essay

Introduction: Someone has very rightly quoted; learning is like rowing upstream. It steers us through all difficulties, but cramming leaves us nowhere. Learning means to commit to memory any given text. This process of memorizing surely helps students to absorb informational materials in a no specific amount of time while cramming is the practice of working intensively to absorb large amounts of informational materials in a short amount of time. What is the meaning of cramming? And what are the causes of cramming? What are the official veto effects of cramming? Cramming is strongly discouraged by educators because the hurried coverage of studying tends to result in poor long term memorization. It’s hard to take in and retain a large amount of information in a short period of time. Students love to look at their work load and say to themselves, â€Å"I’ve got time,† but they soon find out how quickly their â€Å"time† disappears. In the present study, researchers investi gated the effects of cramming. There were 2 group of students, one group crammed by studying immediately before a test, while another group of students performed a cognitive task between studying and their test. Their test scores showed that there was no significant difference between cramming and non cramming test preparation techniques. This research might be useful to students attempting to justify cramming, or to teachers attempting to find new methods of test preparation and to know the principle and the effects of cramming to students. ABSTRACT: Some students study everyday what they learnt, but some students let the studying until The night before exams and tests. Students cram for a number of reasons Including fear of failure or no time to study. This can happen to students with jobs, has a Higher responsibility in their family, or those who may be involved in some extracurricular activities or for some who thinks that they still have â€Å"time† but in fact they don’t. The students do not follow a fixed time for study because they don’t schedule their study time. They don’t take down notes of important points given in the lecture. There are variable negative effects of cramming. Procrastination, more specifically cramming, is a major problem among youths around the high  school and college years. People just like to focus on the present and forget the future which inevitably causes negative outcomes as a result of the cramming when students find themselves with much information to learn and little time in which to learn it, cramming often seems a viable option. By cramming, you are trying to learn everything you can in the limited time you have to study. It’s possible to end up forgetting most of the information, causing grades to suffer. If you have no choice but to cram, focus on sections that will give you the most points on the exam or test. CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF CRAMMING TO STUDENTS AND HOW IT AFFECTS THEIR BEHAVIOUR AT SCHOOL Cramming is the practice of memorizing things in a short period of time. I interviewed  some students in our school and found out some of the reasons why students cram and  how it affects their behavior in school. Some say that, Students cram because laziness  can sometimes overcome them which causes them to do their work on the last minute  and that they have different priorities of work that leads them to put aside that  assignment since it’s â€Å"so far away† until the due date so they just put it off. Student’s  lives are so full of responsibilities and priorities that eventually leads them to begin the  habit of cramming. Their priorities begin to mix up. I remembered one of my high school teacher before say that â€Å"over-committed schedules can lead to  little or no time to do their school work.† Some also say that it’s because of lack of knowledge, lack of initiative, lack of interest and laziness and that it usually leaves them little time in the way for sleep. Students who cram during at night usually gets only 3-4 hours of sleep causing them sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation affects the students brain functioning which hinders them to listen attentively in class and to think straight. It also causes them to lack alertness and difficulty in memorizing materials which often leads them to lower test grades. Cramming does not only affect the grades of the person cramming, but also health related issues such as addictions and anxiety. Since memory is such an important component of day to day life and involves remembering for an exam, remembering due dates for a paper, remembering instructions on how to cite borrowed information, students should strive to get the sleep they need.

Okonkwo Of Okonkwo - 1890 Words

Okonkwo was known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements. As a young man of eighteen he had brought honour to his village by throwing Amalinze the Cat. Amalinze was the great wrestler who for seven years was unbeaten, from Umuofia to Mbaino. He was called the Cat because his back would never touch the earth. It was this man that Okonkwo threw in a fight which the old men agreed was one of the fiercest since the founder of their town engaged a spirit of the wild for seven days and seven nights. The drums beat and the flutes sang and the spectators held their breath. Amalinze was a wily craftsman, but Okonkwo was as slippery as a fish in water. Every nerve and every muscle stood out on their arms, on their backs and their thighs, and one almost heard them stretching to breaking point. In the end Okonkwo threw the Cat. That was many years ago, twenty years or more, and during this time Okonkwo s fame had grown like a bush-fire in the harmattan. He was tall and huge, and his bushy eyebrows and wide nose gave him a very severe look. He breathed heavily, and it was said that, when he slept, his wives and children in their houses could hear him breathe. When he walked, his heels hardly touched the ground and he seemed to walk on springs, as if he was going to pounce on somebody. And he did pounce on people quite often. He had a slight stammer and whenever he was angry and could not get his words out quickly enough, he would useShow MoreRelatedOkonkwo : Okonkwo And His World1188 Words   |  5 Pagesby introducing us to Okonkwo and his world. The story takes place in a small village in Nigeria. The main character is Okonkwo, he is a tough man that everyone respects. He was a wrestler, warrior, farmer, father, and a tribe leader he is a very strong figure. Later we learn that the force that pushes Okonkwo to be this way is his fear to be like his father Unoka. Okonkwo’s father was known as a lazy coward man t hat died and left the village with many unsettled disputes. Okonkwo lived every day ofRead MoreThe Tradgedy of Okonkwo849 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Okonkwo In the book Things Fall Apart there are many themes. One of the themes is Change, in which Okonkwo faces a lot of. Another theme in this book is how important family is in the Ibo culture. What it means to be a man in the Ibo culture is also a major theme in this book. Change is one of the biggest themes in this book. Okonkwo goes through a lot of changes for the worse. One example of a change for Okonkwo is when he was exiled for seven years. Okonkwo was exiled becauseRead More Okonkwo Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pages Okonkwo Tragic Hero Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Slowly the men make their way up the hill with Obierika in the lead. Leaves crunch as feet uniformly step onto the ground. The commissioner and his soldiers are warily eyeing their surroundings. Each man snuggles close to Okonkwo’s compound wall, hoping not to be seen. They go past a small bush. It is next to a red hole in the wall where small animals enter and exit the compound. Finally, the men all stop. They spot the body dangling fromRead MoreTheme Of Ikemefuma In Okonkwo787 Words   |  4 PagesFall Apart , as much as Okonkwo handles his family with a heavy hand, Okonkwo’s relationship with his children create a subsidizing factor in the inner conflict between Okonkwo’s reputation and his fatherly instincts. Okonkwo treats his two children, Nwoye and Ezinma differently from his adoptive son Ikemefuna, opening a window to show the large differences the three. Their Father and son relationship are different between Okonkwo and his own father, also between Okonkwo and his children Nwoye, EnzimaRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Okonkwo829 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter Okonkwo struggles with the fear of being like his father. Okonkwo also has a hard time dealing with the Christian missionaries and the British colonialism influencing his clan. Okonkwo is a tragic hero because the of his fatal judgment errors and outside forces building up to his tragic downfall, even though he was well-respected among the entire Igbo Tribe. Okonkwo shows many judgmental weaknesses. The clan demanded for Ikemefuna to be killed so when it was time, â€Å"...Okonkwo drew hisRead MoreOkonkwo As A Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 PagesApart, the main character, Okonkwo, serves as a tragic hero. A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, is a great character who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his or her’s own downfall. By the end of the novel, Okonkwo’s downfall can be seen when he ends up taking his own life. On one hand, some may argue that Okonkwo was merely a victim of fate. On the other hand, others may also argue that Okonkwo was responsible for his own downfall. I believe that Okonkwo, like all tragic heroesRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Okonkwo831 Words   |  4 PagesOkonkwo: Tragic Hero According to dictionary.com, a tragic hero is â€Å"a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat.† In the book, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the main character Okonkwo struggles with the fear of being like his father. Okonkwo also has a hard time dealing with the Christian missionaries and the British colonialism influencing his clan. Okonkwo is a tragic hero because of his fatal judgment errors and outside forces buildingRead MoreAnalysis Of Ikemefuna By Okonkwo850 Words   |  4 PagesIkemefuna, he was at a loss†(Achebe 50) Okonkwo knew that Ikemefuna was going to be killed because the old man told Okonkwo that told him that Umuofia has decided to kill him. â€Å"Why had Okonkwo withdrawn to the rear?† â€Å"As the man who had cleared his throat drew up and raised the machete, Okonkwo looked away. He heard the blow. The pot fell and broke in the sand. He heard Ikemefuna cry, ‘My father, t hey have killend me!’ as he rans toward him. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down.Read MoreOkonkwo As A Man Of The Igbo945 Words   |  4 Pagescolonization began to take place. Okonkwo the protagonist is in the center of it all. Okonkwo name is well known throughout the nine villages for his great wrestling ability. Okonkwo is the pride of the igbo tribe in Nigeria this is around 1900s. Okonkwo is a very prideful man who lives in fear of not becoming the man his father was, He seems to be so caught up in being the total opposite of his father that he does not live his own life and do whats in his heart. Okonkwo s father Unoka had no personalRead MoreCharacter Analysis Okonkwo862 Words   |  4 PagesOkonkwo’s relationship with Unoka to shape Okonkwo as an outwardly strong yet internally weak character and to clarify Okonkwo’s murder of Ikemefuna. Throughout the novel, Achebe describes Okonkwo’s thoughts about Unoka to portray Okonkwo as a strong, masculine character who is driven by a fear of weakness and failure. Okonkwo’s outwardly strong character is evident in Achebe’s discussion of Okonkwo’s passion in life. For example, Achebe says, â€Å"Okonkwo was ruled by one passion – to hate everything